Since their invention in 1901, multiple machine designs have been created to produce espresso. Several machines share some common elements. The portafilter (or group handle) contains a metal filter-basket and holds the ground coffee. It is locked under the group head’s diffusion block.

Varying the fineness of the grind, the amount of pressure used to tamp the grinds, or the pump pressure itself can be used to vary the taste of the espresso. Some baristas pull espresso shots directly right into a pre-heated demitasse cup or shot glass, to maintain a higher temperature of the espresso.

An espresso machine may also have a steam wand which is used to steam and froth milk for beverages such as the cappuccino and latte.